Chidambaram Natarajar Temple, Tamilnadu, India
Chidambaram Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated
to Lord Shiva located in the heart of the temple town of
Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu, India.The temple is located at 78 km south of Pondicherry and 235
Km from Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu
state of South Eastern India. The Sangam classics refer to Viduvelvidugu
Perumtaccan, respected clan of traditional Vishwakarmas, as being the
chief architect of the temple renovation. There have been several
renovations in its history, particularly during the days of
Pallava/Chola emperors in ancient and pre-medieval periods.
Chidambaram is one of the five holiest Shiva temples, each representing
one of the five natural elements; Chidambaram represents akasha
(aether). The other four temples in this category are: Thiruvanaikaval
Jambukeswara,Trichy (water), Kanchi Ekambareswara (earth)Kanchipuram,
Thiruvannamalai Arunachaleswara (fire),Thiruvanna malai and Kalahasti
Nathar (wind),Kalahasti.
(Meaning of Chidambaram)
The word Chidambaram may be derived from chit, meaning "consciousness", and ambaram, meaning "sky" (from aakasam or aakayam); it refers to the chidaakasam, the sky of consciousness, which is the ultimate aim one should attain according to all the Vedas and scriptures.Another theory is that it is derived from chit + ambalam. Ambalam means a "stage" for performing arts. The chidakasam is the state of supreme bliss or aananda and Lord Natarajar is the symbolic representation of the supreme bliss or aananda natanam. Saivaites believe that a visit to Chidambaram leads to liberation.Yet another theory is that it is derived from the word chitrambalam, from chithu meaning "play or dances of God" and ambalam meaning "stage"
Special features
A unique feature of this
temple is the bejeweled image of Nataraja. It depicts the Lord Shiva as
the Lord of the dance Bharatanatyam and is one of the few temples where
Shiva is represented by an anthropomorphic murthi rather than the
classic, anionic Lingam. The Cosmic Dance of Lord Nataraja symbolises
the motion of the universe as sustained by Lord Shiva. The temple has
five courts.Aragalur Udaya Iraratevan Ponparappinan (alias
Vanakovaraiyan) rebuilt the Siva temple at Chidambaram around 1213 AD.
The same Bana Chief also built Tiruvannamalai temple.The temple has been
traditionally administered by an endogamous group of shiavite brahmins
called Dikshitar, who also officiate as its priest.
Temple Story
The story of Chidambaram begins with the legend of Lord Shiva strolling
into the Thillai Vanam (Vanam meaning forest and thillai trees -
botanical name Exocoeria agallocha, a species of mangrove trees - which
currently grows in the Pichavaram wetlands near Chidambaram. The temple
sculptures depicting the Thillai trees date back to the 2nd century CE).
In the Thillai forests resided a group of saints or 'rishis' who
believed in the supremacy of magic and that God can be controlled by
rituals and 'mantras' or magical words. The Lord strolls in the forest
with resplendent beauty and brilliance, assuming the form of
'Pitchatanadar', a simple mendicant seeking alms. He is followed by his
Grace and consort who is Lord Vishnu as Mohini. The rishis and their
wives are enchanted by the brilliance and the beauty of the handsome
mendicant and his consort.On seeing their womenfolk enchanted, the
rishis get enraged and invoke scores of 'serpents' (Sanskrit: Nāga) by
performing magical rituals. The Lord as the mendicant lifts the serpents
and dons them as ornaments on his matted locks, neck and waist. Further
enraged, the rishis invoke a fierce tiger, which the Lord skins and
dons as a shawl around his waist.Thoroughly frustrated, the rishis
gather all their spiritual strength and invoke a powerful demon
Muyalakan - a symbol of complete arrogance and ignorance. The Lord
wearing a gentle smile, steps on the demon's back, immobilizes him and
performs the Ánanda Thaandava (the dance of eternal bliss) and discloses
his true form. The rishis surrender, realizing that this Lord is the
truth and he is beyond magic and rituals.
